Regulatory speaking, the UK is the most robust when it comes to compulsory refunding for scam and fraud victims, as well as the most comprehensive Ombudsman service, in Europe. Banks MUST refund unauthorised transactions (fraud), with a very limited scope to decline, and soon banks MUST refund victims of scams (Authorised Push Payment - APP - scams), with a limited scope to decline. The UK is the first country in Europe to introduce mandatory refunding for scam victims, and banks have previously signed up to the Lending Standards Board Contingent Reimbursement Model voluntarily to refund victims of scams.
If claims are rejected, and a complaint renders the same response from the business, the complaint can be referred to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) free of charge for the consumer, and if an Ombudsman provides a decision that the consumer accepts, this becomes legally binding to the business, providing a free alternative to a court. The UK is unfortunately a hotbed of fraud and scams, but it does more than pretty much everywhere else in compelling banks to refund victims.